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getline
stod
stof
stoi
stol
stold
stoll
stoul
stoull
swap
to_string
to_wstring
getline
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Extract strings from the input stream line-by-line.
Parameters
in_stream
The input stream from which a string is to be extracted.
str
The string into which are read the characters from the input stream.
delimiter
The line delimiter.
Return Value
The input stream in_stream.
Remarks
The pair of function signatures marked (1) extract characters from in_stream until delimiter is found, storing them in str.
The pair of function signatures marked (2) use newline as the default line delimiter and behave as getline(in_stream, str, in_stream. widen('n')).
The second function of each pair is an analog to the first one to support rvalue references.
Extraction stops when one of the following occurs:
At end of file, in which case the internal state flag of in_stream is set to
ios_base::eofbit.After the function extracts an element that compares equal to delimiter. The element doesn't get put back or appended to the controlled sequence.
After the function extracts
str.max_size elements. The internal state flag of in_stream is set toios_base::failbit.Some other error other than the ones previously listed; the internal state flag of in_stream is set to
ios_base::badbit.
For information about internal state flags, see ios_base::iostate.
If the function extracts no elements, the internal state flag of in_stream is set to ios_base::failbit. In any case, getline returns in_stream.
If an exception is thrown, in_stream and str are left in a valid state.
Example
The following code demonstrates getline() in two modes: first with the default delimiter (newline) and second with a whitespace as delimiter. The end-of-file character (CTRL-Z on the keyboard) is used to control termination of the while loops. This value sets the internal state flag of cin to eofbit, which must be cleared with basic_ios::clear() before the second while loop will work properly.
stod
Converts a character sequence to a double.
Parameters
str
The character sequence to be converted.
idx
The index value of the first unconverted character.
Return Value
The double value.
Remarks
The function converts the sequence of elements in str to a value of type double as if by calling strtod( str.c_str(), _Eptr), where _Eptr is an object internal to the function. If str.c_str() *_Eptr, it throws an object of type invalid_argument. If such a call would set errno, it throws an object of type out_of_range. Otherwise, if idx isn't a null pointer, the function stores *_Eptr - str.c_str() in *idx and returns the value.
stof
Converts a character sequence to a float.
Parameters
str
The character sequence to be converted.
idx
The index value of the first unconverted character.
Return Value
The float value.
Remarks
The function converts the sequence of elements in str to a value of type float as if by calling strtof( str.c_str(), _Eptr), where _Eptr is an object internal to the function. If str.c_str() *_Eptr, it throws an object of type invalid_argument. If such a call would set errno, it throws an object of type out_of_range. Otherwise, if idx isn't a null pointer, the function stores *_Eptr - str.c_str() in *idx and returns the value.
stoi
Converts a character sequence to an integer.
Return Value
The integer value.
Parameters
str
The character sequence to be converted.
idx
The index value of the first unconverted character.
base
The number base to use.
Remarks
The function stoi converts the sequence of characters in str to a value of type int and returns the value. For example, when passed a character sequence '10', the value returned by stoi is the integer 10.
stoi behaves similarly to the function strtol for single-byte characters when it's called in the manner strtol( str.c_str(), _Eptr, idx), where _Eptr is an object internal to the function; or wcstol for wide characters, when it's called in similar manner, wcstol(Str.c_str(), _Eptr, idx). For more information, see strtol, wcstol, _strtol_l, _wcstol_l.
If str.c_str() *_Eptr, stoi throws an object of type invalid_argument. If such a call would set errno, or if the returned value can't be represented as an object of type int, it throws an object of type out_of_range. Otherwise, if idx isn't a null pointer, the function stores *_Eptr - str.c_str() in *idx.
stol
Converts a character sequence to a long.
Parameters
str
The character sequence to be converted.
idx
The index value of the first unconverted character.
base
The number base to use.
Return Value
The long-integer value.
Remarks
The function converts the sequence of elements in str to a value of type long as if by calling strtol( str.c_str(), _Eptr, idx), where _Eptr is an object internal to the function. If str.c_str() *_Eptr, it throws an object of type invalid_argument. If such a call would set errno, it throws an object of type out_of_range. Otherwise, if idx isn't a null pointer, the function stores *_Eptr - str.c_str() in *idx and returns the value.
stold
Converts a character sequence to a long double.
Parameters
str
The character sequence to be converted.
idx
The index value of the first unconverted character.
Return Value
The long double value.
Remarks
The function converts the sequence of elements in str to a value of type long double as if by calling strtold( str.c_str(), _Eptr), where _Eptr is an object internal to the function. If str.c_str() *_Eptr, it throws an object of type invalid_argument. If such a call would set errno, it throws an object of type out_of_range. Otherwise, if idx isn't a null pointer, the function stores *_Eptr - str.c_str() in *idx and returns the value.
stoll
Converts a character sequence to a long long.
Parameters
str
The character sequence to be converted.
idx
The index value of the first unconverted character.
base
The number base to use.
Return Value
The long long value.
Remarks
The function converts the sequence of elements in str to a value of type long long as if by calling strtoll( str.c_str(), _Eptr, idx), where _Eptr is an object internal to the function. If str.c_str() *_Eptr, it throws an object of type invalid_argument. If such a call would set errno, it throws an object of type out_of_range. Otherwise, if idx isn't a null pointer, the function stores *_Eptr - str.c_str() in *idx and returns the value.
stoul
Converts a character sequence to an unsigned long.
Parameters
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str
The character sequence to be converted.
idx
The index value of the first unconverted character.
base
The number base to use.
Return Value
The unsigned long-integer value.
Remarks
The function converts the sequence of elements in str to a value of type unsigned long as if by calling strtoul( str.c_str(), _Eptr, idx), where _Eptr is an object internal to the function. If str.c_str() *_Eptr, it throws an object of type invalid_argument. If such a call would set errno, it throws an object of type out_of_range. Otherwise, if idx isn't a null pointer, the function stores *_Eptr - str.c_str() in *idx and returns the value.
stoull
Converts a character sequence to an unsigned long long.
Parameters
str
The character sequence to be converted.
idx
The index value of the first unconverted character.
base
The number base to use.
Return Value
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The unsigned long long value.
Remarks
The function converts the sequence of elements in str to a value of type unsigned long long as if by calling strtoull( str.c_str(), _Eptr, idx), where _Eptr is an object internal to the function. If str.c_str() *_Eptr, it throws an object of type invalid_argument. If such a call would set errno, it throws an object of type out_of_range. Otherwise, if idx isn't a null pointer, the function stores *_Eptr - str.c_str() in *idx and returns the value.
swap
Exchanges the arrays of characters of two strings.
Parameters
left
One string whose elements are to be swapped with the elements of another string.
right
The other string whose elements are to be swapped with the first string.
Remarks
The template function executes the specialized member function left.swap(right) for strings, which guarantees constant complexity.
Example
to_string
Converts a value to a string.
Parameters
value
The value to be converted.
Return Value
The string that represents the value.
Remarks
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The function converts value to a sequence of elements stored in an array object Buf internal to the function as if by calling sprintf(Buf, Fmt, value), where Fmt is
'%d'if value is of typeint'%u'if value is of typeunsigned int'%ld'if value is of typelong'%lu'if value is of typeunsigned long'%lld'if value is of typelong long'%llu'if value is of typeunsigned long long'%f'if value is of typefloatordouble'%Lf'if value is of typelong double
The function returns string(Buf).
to_wstring
Converts a value to a wide string.
Parameters
value
The value to be converted.
Return Value
The wide string that represents the value.
Remarks
The function converts value to a sequence of elements stored in an array object Buf internal to the function as if by calling swprintf(Buf, Len, Fmt, value), where Fmt is
L'%d'if value is of typeintL'%u'if value is of typeunsigned intL'%ld'if value is of typelongL'%lu'if value is of typeunsigned longL'%lld'if value is of typelong longL'%llu'if value is of typeunsigned long longL'%f'if value is of typefloatordoubleL'%Lf'if value is of typelong double
The function returns wstring(Buf).
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See also